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ALCOHOLS, ACIDS, ESTERS (chapter 15)

1) Review/summarise chemical bonding

2) What is a functional group? Draw the chloro, hydroxy and carboxy functional groups.

3) What is an alkyl group? Write the name and formula for the first 10 alkyl groups

4) Write the name and formula for the first four chloroalkanes, alcohols and carboxylic acids.

5) Why are systematic names needed? What are the systematic names made up of.

6) For question 4 above, explain how they are named.

7) Explain the numbering of carbon atoms ? use 1 ? propanol, 2 ? propanol and 2 ?methylpropane as an example

8) Attempt questions 1?4 (p. 15 1)

9) What is an isomer? How many carbon atoms are needed for isomers to exist in alkanes and alkenes? (Does this apply to other compounds? Use chloroalkanes as an example)

10) Draw and name each of the isomers of

(i) Butane
(ii) Butene
(iii) Chloropropane
(iv) Propanol

11) Using glucose as an example, explain the role of shape in chemical reactions.

12) Attempt Q5

13) What is a substitution reaction? Explain (showing equations) how chloroethane and ethanol can be produced by substitution reactions.

14) Explain how ethanoic acid is formed by (i) reactions with oxygen and (ii) use of an acidified catalyst

15) What is ethanoic acids common name?

16) Explain how ethanoic acid can be formed in the laboratory from ethane

17) How are esters made? What is a condensation reaction?

18) Explain how ethyl ethanoate is formed? show relevant equations.

19) What is esterification? Show the general reaction.

20) How are esters named?

21) Attempt question 8 & 9.

22) What is polyester? What is the most common polyester? Show an equation for its formation.

23) What are the forces between polyester molecules?

24) Copy Figure 15.18

25) Attempt Q 10-27 (as many as you have time to undertake)